The American Of The Vietnam War Essay - 1872 Words

Many contemporary American artists address an extensive variety of themes significant to their adopted country while some focus on issues relevant to their country of origin like the subject of war . War has been considered as a major theme, and it’s reality is a great inspiration in writing and has created endless creativity for artists. In particular, the Vietnamese-American artist Dinh Q. Là ª often chooses the subject of the Vietnam war to express his thoughts, concerns, and the message of peace in his artworks. Dinh Le and his family had lived through the Vietnam war (1975) and then he immigrated to Los Angeles at age 10 in order to avoid the fight between Vietnamese troops and Cambodian Khmer Rouge, and then started pursuing art in the U.S. Although he was far away from his country, his art seemed like he could not escape from Vietnam’s long-lasting conflict. Therefore, he decided to study photography, then got a Master s degree at the School of Visual Arts(New Y ork), but he still sometimes had a feeling of living in exile in a sense of ambiguousness. He calmed himself down by participating in some meetings with American veterans; however, he was not satisfied with the single voice from one side which was based on their memories from the Vietnam war, and not hearing any voices from the Vietnam side of the conflict. As a result, he decided to research the history of the war to get a deeper understanding of his country’s struggles. And the Vietnam( American) warShow MoreRelatedThe American War in Vietnam1012 Words   |  5 Pagessimilar to the theory of what the U.S. believed would happen if one country, Vietnam, was to fall to communism. This is what caused the war between North Vietnam the communist lead government and the anti-communist South (Encyclopedia Britannica1). How does a war relate to a game enjoyed by millions of people all over the world? Just like in a game of dominos, you set them up and watch them fall, the Vietnam War was the same. Vietnam and the countries surrounding it had worked very hard for independenceRead MoreAmerican War And The Vietnam War Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesSecond World War and the Vietnam War, national unity in the United States and American patriotism began to disintegrate and morph as the nation progressed from the 1940s through the 1970s. During WWII, the United States military fought a foe that the American public, and the world alike, saw as an enemy to the human race, which caused Americans to unify in their efforts to fight in the battle. In contrast, US military actions in Vietnam were not fully backed by the American public or American allies,Read MoreThe American Of The Vietnam War1208 Words   |  5 PagesWhen Penn first sat down with me to tell me his story, he asked if anyone in my family had ever served in a war. I responded by telling him my father was a marine before I was born. â€Å"No, your father is a marine. Once you’re a marine, you†™re always a marine,† Penn corrected. Gentle in his demeanor and free with his sense of humor, Penn went on to tell me his story as a veteran of the Vietnam War. Penn graduated from the University of St. Thomas with a degree in business in 1967. He initially tookRead MoreThe American War : The Vietnam War1379 Words   |  6 PagesConsider the Vietnam War, The Cold War, or even the Spanish-American War: it’s safe to assume that the mere mention of these wars evoke some feeling of recognition, whether it resurfaces a rather passionate opinion or an unwelcome flashback to U.S history class. The Philippine-American War illicites a much tamer response, unless, of course, you’re asking a Filipino or a history buff. In fact, the Philippine-American War is often times referred to as ‘The Forgotten War’ for that very reason. DespiteRead MoreVietnam War and American Culture1684 Words   |  7 Pages Vietnam Wars Impact on American Culture Donna Whittle DeVry University Introduction to Humanities I. Introduction and Thesis Statement In the 1960’s America went through many cultural changes. Martin Luther King Jr., a civil rights activist, delivered his famous, â€Å"I have a dream† speech. African Americans were fighting for peace, freedom and equality. The United States was involved in the Vietnam War, committed to anti-communism. African Americans were deployedRead MoreThe Vietnam War On American Society932 Words   |  4 Pagesaccentuating the growing success and power that Vietnam held. America was calm at first as they held the belief that Vietnam would serve as a barrier to communism. Unfortunately, when communism kept spreading, America panicked. American troops were sent into Vietnam and the citizens of America were lied to about the reason for the presence of the troops in Vietnam. The years 1964 to 1975 were characterized by the negative effects of the Vietnam war on American society and how they heightened social, politicalRead MoreThe American Civil War And The Vietnam War1561 Words   |  7 Pagesnever, never believe any war will be smooth and easy, or that anyone who embarks on the strange voyage can measure the tides and hurricanes he will encounter. The statesman who yields to war fever must realize that once the signal is given, he is no longer the master of policy but the slave of unforeseeable and uncontrollable events.† - Sir Winston Churchill. Throughout history, men have fought battles to protect and serve for their country. Some men become injured at war and others don t get toRead MoreAmerican History: The Vietnam War1670 Words   |  7 Pagesof the American Independent Party. The candidates did not know it at the time, but they would become part of the Presidential Election that would help shape American Politics to what they are today. The election of Richard Nixon in 1968 marked a turning point in the American political ideology, ultimately sparking a conservative revolution that would last the better part of the next 24 years. 1968 was one of the most chaotic and violent years in American history. The Vietnam War was beingRead MoreAmerican Involvement in the Vietnam War1078 Words   |  5 Pagesinternational affairs. In this particular case communism in Vietnam was the flame that leered American bugs in, not knowing that they would be brutally burned by communism in the end. From 1953 to 1961, all the initial decisions involving Vietnam were made by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who once served as the Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in Europe as well as the first Supreme Commander of NATO. Thus, Eisenhower was very knowledgeable about war issues and was prepared to tackle pending conflictsRead MoreAmerican Culture : The Vietnam War2157 Words   |  9 Pages1102 February 22, 2015 The Vietnam War On February 28th 1991 after the speedy 100-hour ground war against Iraqi troops, George W Bush proclaimed proudly: â€Å"By God, we’ve kicked the Vietnam Syndrome once and for all† The fall of Saigon had not marked the end of the Vietnam as Bush accurately conceded to the people, the repercussions of the war can still be seen today in American culture, it has sustained through the Vietnam veterans, as the basis for the support of anti-war precedencies, and morphed

Macbeth was doomed by fate or by a flaw in his character.

ESSAY: In the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, it is very controversial whether or not Macbeth was doomed by fate or by a flaw in his character. It could be argued that Macbeth was doomed both by fate and by a flaw in his character. On one hand, the role of the witches influence could be regarded as a major external force that exploited Macbeth s character flaws. However, on the other hand, Macbeth s ambitious nature and greed for power was the flaw in his character that ultimately led to his downfall. The extent to which Macbeths downfall is determined by fate or a flaw in his character will be discussed. It could be argued that it was fate that lead Macbeth to his doom. The role of his chance meeting with the witches was†¦show more content†¦Macbeth s ambition went to all lengths to become kind of Scotland, that despite the influences, Macbeth was still responsible for his own actions. The witches told Macbeth his three prophecies; they forced nothing, just simply presented facts that influenced Macbeth to act. Macbeth interpreted the words and actions to make the prophecies come true. The witches gave Macbeth a fake sense of security and it is his tragicShow MoreRelatedEssay on Macbeth and Tragic Hero1071 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth, a tragedy written by William Shakespeare in the 17th century, expresses clearly the strong pull that desire for power can have over a man. Macbeth, the title character of the play, is often expressed as being the villain of the tragedy. However, through studying the play closely it is clear to see that, rather than being an innately evil char acter, Macbeth is in fact a tragic hero, doomed by fate from the start to descend into the madness which he did. Had it not been for his hamartia andRead MoreFactors Contributing to Macbeths Transformation in Shakespeares Macbeth1912 Words   |  8 PagesIn the play Macbeth, the main character, Macbeth transforms from a gallant war hero to a tyrannical murderer. As soon as Macbeth enters this life filled with tyranny his fate is doomed to a tragic downfall. Throughout the play, Shakespeare makes Macbeth responsible for his actions but Shakespeare also uses other characters as influences upon him which gives the character of Macbeth only partial responsibility for what he has done. In the scenes which lead up to the murder of Duncan, ShakespeareRead MoreHamlet as a Tragic Hero2505 Words   |  11 Pagestherefore, is the character who experiences such a conflict and suffers catastrophically as a result of his choices and related actions. The character of Hamlet is a clear representation of Shakespeares tragic hero, as he possesses all the necessary characteristics of such a hero. Hamlet is seen as a tragic hero as he has doomed others because of a serious error in judgment, also Hamlet is responsible for his own fate and Hamlet has been endowed with a tragic flaw. These character traits and distinctivenessRead MoreThe Tragedy of Macbeth by William Shakespeare567 Words   |  2 PagesMacbeth Macbeth is a tragedy written in the 17th century that shows what the desire for power can do to a man. Macbeth is expressed as being the villain. But, Macbeth is in fact a tragic hero, doomed by fate from the beginning into the madness he put himself in. If it not been for meeting the witches and persuasion of his wife, the play would have had a very different ending. Like every tragic hero, Macbeth suffered from a flaw. In his case, his flaw was his strong ambition, combinedRead MoreEmotions and Power in Macbeth by William Shakespeare582 Words   |  2 PagesIn Shakespeare’s play Macbeth, the main characters capture a wide variety of emotions during events that result in Macbeth gaining power of the throne followed by mad chaos and destruction. Macbeth falls under the description of a tragic hero because his life is interfered by the witches and is destined to fail from the beginning of the play, he still is a hero who has hubris and who once had honor, and he has a tragic flaw; his wife. Tragic heroes have lives that are doomed from the start becauseRead MoreTragic Hero1598 Words   |  7 PagesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A tragic hero is a protagonist with a tragic flaw, also known as fatal flaw, which eventually leads to his demise. The concept of the tragic hero was created in ancient Greek tragedy and defined by Aristotle. Usually, the realization of fatal flaw results in catharsis or epiphany. The tragic flaw is sometimes referred to as an Achilles heel after the single fatal flaw of the Greek warrior Achilles. [citation needed] Aristotelian tragic hero In a complexRead MoreEssay Death of a Salesman, Tragic Hero. Willy Loman.1503 Words   |  7 PagesLoman be considered a tragic hero according to Aristotle’s rules? Arthur Miller presents his play ‘Death of a Salesman’ in the ancient form of a tragedy. Aristotle has defined his idea of the ‘perfect’ tragedy in his text, ‘Poetics’ (350 BC).Here he suggests that the protagonist must fall from an elevated social standing as a result of a â€Å"fatal flaw† within the character; the fall from the main character creates resolution to the play which is seen as just; finally, Aristotle identified that theRead MoreAnti-Idealism In Shakespeares Hamlet1563 Words   |  7 Pageshe calls William Shakespeare â€Å"our great de-idealizing author.† In his book, Edmundson examines the ideals of the ancient world and how they have been lost in the modern world. In one section of the introduction to his novel he analyzes Shakespeare’s works and how they function as a shift between these two worlds. Specifically, he examines Shakespeare’s rejection of the â€Å"religious ideal [and] the ideal of c ontempt,† as well as his use of skepticism and â€Å"uncertainties, mysteries, and doubts withoutRead More The Excellence Of Women In Shakespearean Tragedy Essay examples1787 Words   |  8 Pagesto the coming essay, is that which is found within the female characters of Shakespearean tragedies. Despite the patriarchal ways of life during Shakespeares age, he constantly conveys the ladies of his plays with nothing short of excellent ... beauty, wit, and virtue. [Doran 135] Dorans article The Idea of Excellence In Shakespeare is a detailed work, which engages itself in the wide scope of Shakespearean sonnets and all his theatrical work concerning excellence. Doran says very franklyRead Moreshakespeare influences16068 Words   |  65 Pages 11. ABSTRACT This thesis analysis the textual and symbolic similarities between Shakespeare s tragedies Macbeth and Hamlet and William Faulkner s the sound and the furry and Absalom, Absalom!. Faulkner absorbed essential characteristics of Shakespearean tragedies and utilized them consciously and unconsciously in the creation of his own tragic figures. Comparison between both writer s approaches to tragedy illuminates elemental similarities in Shakespearean and Faulknerian

Why Did the 1798 Rebellion in Ireland Fail Essay Sample free essay sample

To understand the failure of the 1798 rebellion we need to see the nature of Irish society prior to the rebellion. The turbulences of the 1600s resulted in the arrogation of about all land owned by Catholics. [ 1. 2 ] The Penal Laws aimed at the Catholic bulk and the dissidents meant that Ireland in the eighteenth century was dominated by a Church of Ireland elite ( Protestant Ascendancy ) who owned most of the land and monopolised political relations. [ 3 ] Dissenters. including Presbyterians. who constituted the bulk of Ulster Protestants. were second-class citizens while Catholics were third-class citizens. Ireland underwent a period of economic growing in the 1700’s with the outgrowth of a dissident and Catholic urban in-between category which became progressively irritated at the limitations on Irish trade imposed by the British parliament. The huge bulk of Catholics and many dissidents lived an destitute being on the land and was bound to do subsequently unrest. [ 4 ] The American Revolution of 1776 appealed to dissidents because of the cardinal function played by emigrant Ulster dissidents. It besides caused the demand to retreat British military personnels from Ireland and direct them to America. The Protestant Ascendancy established the Irish Volunteers in 1778 to support Ireland from invasion. [ 5 ] The Volunteers came under the influence of the broad nationalist resistance in the Irish parliament who sought political reform. The Irish Government was based on a thoroughly undemocratic franchise controlled by single blue bloods and by the British authorities through the backing system. They were unwilling to allow Catholic emancipation while the more broad members of the opinion category sought to better the the rights of Dissenters and Catholics. [ 5 ] In 1791 the United Irishmen were established to advance parliamentary reform in Ireland. Their leading consisted of knowing broad members of the Protestant Ascendency. landed Catholic aristocracy and affluent Presbyterians and demanded Irish independency and Catholic and dissident rights. [ 5. 6 ] Besides Catholic and dissident in-between category support. the United Irishmen developed a base among urban workers in the Belfast country who wanted a democracy based on cosmopolitan franchise and a societal plan for the hapless. [ 6 ] The United Irishmen were strongly aligned with the Gallic and were proclaimed illegal in May 1794 shortly after the declaration of war by Britain against France. They went belowground and decided that an rebellion was necessary in order to set up an Irish Republic and reorganized themselves. They set up a cell construction in order to ease readyings for an rebellion. They sent envoies across Ireland. Scotland and into the British naval forces. Crucially. they absorbed the Defenders. the chief Catholic rural organisation. [ 5. 6 ] United Irishmen Numberss were estimated at 280. 000 work forces before the rebellion. [ 5 ] They sent Wolfe Tone to seek Gallic military aid. In December 1796. 14. 000 military personnels were sent to Ireland but holds. violent storms. indecision and hapless seamanship prevented a landing and the Gallic fleet were forced to return place. [ 7 ] The formation of the Orange Order in 1795 in Ulster provided the Government with Alliess who had local cognition of the activities of their enemies. The barbarous disarmament of Ulster in 1797. where the United Irishmen had successfully radicalised both Protestants and Catholics. saw 1000s of Catholics driven from counties Antrim. Down and Armagh and the slaying. anguish and imprisonment of 100s of Protestants suspected of being United Irishmen sympathizers. [ 5 ] Sectarianism was encouraged in Ulster where the United Irishmen were particularly strong in the hope that the Presbyterian republicans would non arise. The arrangement of sources within the United Irishmen enabled the Government to transport out foraies and confiscate arms and arrest several leaders in Dublin in March 1798. [ 5 ] Argument among the United Irishmen leading about waiting for another Gallic landing caused undue hold before the more extremist cabal recommending an immediate rise won the statement and the day of the month was set for May 23. 1798. The program was to arise in Dublin foremost and so rapidly distribute to the environing counties. [ 5 ] However. sources provided last-minute intelligence to the Government of the Rebel assembly points and the presence of immense military forces at these points deterred the Rebels who dispersed and dumped their weaponries. Efficaciously. the armed uprising karyon had imploded in Dublin but the rebellion spread to the environing countries. In the terminal. the lifting was isolated to certain countries. most stunningly in the sou-east and Wexford in peculiar. In Ulster. the working category were the anchor of the lifting in which 27. 000 turned out but the in-between category elements in the leading in Antrim and Down delayed puting a day of the month for rebellion4. On June 7. the United Irishmen in Antrim and Down eventually rebelled briefly busying Antrim town. Ballymena. Kells and other towns before authorities military personnels forced a retreat. In Down 7. 000 Rebels fought stanchly before being defeated on June 14. The undue hold in get downing the rebellion in Ulster was to turn out dearly-won. The 1798 rebellion basically consisted of a series of uncoordinated rebellions throughout Ireland and in many instances they were based on local grudges instead than on an overall military scheme. However. in the sou-east the Rebels had a figure of noteworthy successes but eventually were defeated. Finally little Gallic fleets arrived in Mayo and Donegal in August and October 1798 but it was a affair of excessively small excessively tardil y for it to be effectual since the rebellion was virtually over. [ 5. While it is obvious that the rise was a failure. the causes are complex and intertwined. Lending factors include the incursion of the United Irishmen by authorities undercover agents ; holds in puting the day of the month for rebellion which sapped moral ; the fierceness of repression. particularly in Ulster where the United Irishmen were strongest ; and the barbarous disarmament of Rebels in Ulster in 1797 badly weakened the impact of Ulster in the rebellion. . The changeless foraies on Rebels places and weaponries mopess deprived the Rebels of indispensable weaponries and thereby weakened their military strength. In Dublin the prostration and decomposition of the leading meant that they were unable to enforce any decently organised control of the rebellion. It could be argued that the United Irishmen over planned for the rebellion and as such were unable to rapidly accommodate and alter programs when suited chances arose. The extremely democratic construction of the United Irishmen besides meant that determinations were slow to be made and so strong leading was absent. 5. 6 ] The Government forces outnumbered the Rebels and were better armed and trained while Rebels were no lucifer for the British forces which besides had cannons. The late reaching of the Gallic forces was besides a conducive factor. The failure of the Dublin rise was really important and showed the deficiency of planning. co-ordination and concentrate that became obvious as the rebellion spread to other countries. Even the deficiency of co-ordination between the Ulster and Dublin Rebels was really hapless. The United Irishmen leading lacked military experience and tactics and the officers chosen by the leading to take Rebels had no cognition or experience of warfare. [ 5 ] Despite these defects the Rebels has successes due to the hapless subject and certitude of the Irish ground forces and local reserves ; chiefly in Wexford where the Rebels were much better equipped and organised. The presence of a big figure of non-rebel Catholic tagalong seeking safety at the Rebel cantonments hindered the rebels’ motions. The British commanding officer Cornwallis’ proposal of a general amnesty was widely welcomed and many Rebels returned to their places. [ 5 ] Rebel officers repeatedly made strategic errors. non merely during conflict. but besides in make up ones minding where and when to prosecute in conflicts. In a figure of instances the Rebel leaders engaged in revenging local grudges instead than press forward their advantage in the civil war. The failed Gallic invasion with 10. 000 military personnels in late 1796 had a profound consequence on the 1798 rebellion for a figure of grounds. First. it alerted the Irish authorities to the danger of rebellion by the United Irishmen. This led to to their activities being more closely monitored and scrutinised and the arrangement of authorities undercover agents in their administration. Second. it showed the Gallic that the promised 100. 000 Rebels did non happen and this undermined any opportunity of future big Gallic support. Finally. it convinced the United Irishmen that they needed Gallic military support prior to get downing a rebellion. The United Irishmen lacked strong military officers and cardinal planning to win Irish independency ; alternatively they were isolated. foolhardy and uncoordinated. The rebels’ deficiency of practical cognition and experience badly prevented them from fixing decently for the rebellion. If the Rebel forces had been under much more capable military leading the rebellion may good hold had a different result. Mentions Simms. J. G. ( 1956 ) The Williamite arrogation in Ireland 1687-1703. London. Faber A ; Faber. Foster. R. F. ( 1990 ) Modern Ireland 1600-1972. London. Penguin Books. Simms. J. G. Chapter 13. pp. 204-216 in The Course of Irish History. Edited by Moody. T. W. and Martin. F. X. Revised and enlarged edition 1994. Dublin. Mercier Press. Wall. M. Chapter 14. pp. 217-231 in The Course of Irish History. Edited by Moody. T. W. and Martin. F. X. Revised and enlarged edition 1994. Dublin. Mercier Press. Johnston-Liik. E. M ; Johnston. E. M. ( 1994 ) Ireland in the 18th century. Dublin. Gill and Macmillan. McDowell. R. B. Chapter 15. pp. 232-247 in The Course of Irish History. Edited by Moody. T. W. and Martin. F. X. Revised and enlarged edition 1994. Dublin. Mercier Press. Rosamund. J. ( 1937 ) The rise of the United Irishmen. 1791-94. London. Harrap.

Nuclear Energy Benefits

Nuclear energy use has taken priority in many countries today. It is argued that it affects the environment negatively and can pose a great risk to human beings and their existence. However, it is the most cost effective and environmentally friendly way of generating electricity. In addition, the risks associated with the source of energy can be avoided. This essay will argue that nuclear energy is the most effective way of generating electricity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nuclear Energy Benefits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the factors why nuclear energy is an effective source of energy is that it is cost effective. Electricity generated from nuclear energy is economical and saves cost when compared with other forms of electricity from renewable sources like sun, wind, biomass and water. It is cost effective in the sense that the processes of conducting research and developing it receive governm ent support in terms of finances. As result, research and development costs that are supposed to be incurred in producing nuclear energy are not reflected in electricity. In other renewable sources of electricity, funding is done by private bodies hence increasing the cost of electricity. The other factor that makes nuclear energy cost effective is that the risks associated with this type of energy are passed on to all the citizens as opposed to a few individuals or companies that own nuclear plants. This is because there is usually legal liability underinsurance for the plants. The cost would have been very high if the companies that operate the plants were required to take insurance covers for dangers that occur at the plants (Time for Change, n.d). Apart from cost effectiveness, nuclear energy is also environmentally friendly. Studies on energy impacts mostly focus on the impacts on the environment. Some impacts like displacement of people and interruptions caused on the land are not considered very important. Nuclear energy is environmentally friendly in that it does not emit greenhouse gases. The operations of nuclear energy plants do not produce these gases which are associated with global warming. The emissions associated with nuclear energy cycle are indeed moderate hence nuclear power plants can instead be used to prevent global warming. In addition, replacing coal with nuclear energy has many environmental benefits. The electricity supplied from nuclear energy throughout the world is only 14.8 percent. On the other hand, the energy supplied by coal is more than 40 percent. The fuel cycle generated when coal is used to produce energy is harmful to the environment.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In fact, it is categorized among energy sources that cause huge destruction to the environment. This leaves nuclear energy an environmentally friend ly source of energy when compared with other renewable sources of energy (O’Sullivan, 2009). During nuclear energy production, uranium nuclei are split without instances of pollution in the process. This is contrary to what happens in other energy production means which burn certain materials. For example, burning of coal to produce energy is associated with air pollution. The different types of air pollution caused consequently lead to environmental issues which affect the health of human beings. For example, mercury produced during coal burning is harmful to the nervous system. There are various ways that can be used to reduce the risks associated with nuclear energy. One of its risks is the harm that may arise from disposal of wastes produced during the processes of energy generation. The radioactive wastes produced during the processes are difficult to recycle or dispose using the normal disposal or recycling means. One way of avoiding the risk associated with such wastes is by storing them in long term facilities which give them enough time to decay without being disturbed. By doing this, harmful isotopes are allowed to safely decay until they pose no risk to human lives (Lindsay, 2004). The other way of reducing the risks associated with nuclear energy is conducting major improvements in nuclear energy plants. The major improvements include increasing safety levels in uranium mines. In addition, cleaner storage facilities are important in reducing the risks associated with nuclear energy. When these measures are combined with increased accuracy and versatility, nuclear energy turns out to be one of the best energy sources (Hagler, 2011). Despite the objections that are raised regarding the use of nuclear energy, it is undoubtedly the most effective way of generating energy. When compared with other renewable ways of generating energy such as coal, nuclear energy has many benefits. For example, it is cost effective and environmentally friendly.Adve rtising We will write a custom essay sample on Nuclear Energy Benefits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Hagler, A. (2011). Health Hazards from Energy Production: A Comparison of Nuclear and Coal Power. Web. Lindsay, H. (2004). Environmental Policy Issues. Web. O’Sullivan, L. (2009). The Environmental Effects of Nuclear as an Alternative Energy Source. Web. Time for Change. (n.d). Web. This essay on Nuclear Energy Benefits was written and submitted by user Muhammad Bender to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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Fedex Essay Example

Fedex Essay Example Fedex Essay Fedex Essay In 1988, Fed purchased Tiger International, the worlds largest heavy-cargo airline. The purchase price was about $880 million. The action brought both advantages and disadvantages. For the advantage aspect, it catapulted Fed to the forefront of the international cargo market, giving it landing rights in 21 additional countries, nearly three times the size of its newly competitor. Furthermore, it also creates an opportunity for Fed to satisfy the requirement of JET system. For the disadvantage aspect, it brought $2 billion long-term debt and different corporate culture will affect Feeders performance in its business. 2. Aim: The aim of this report is to analyze the case study on Tiger International acquisition by Federal Express and recommend an action plan to solve the merger problems. 3. Analysis the case 3. 1 Major issues: According to the information shown in the case, there are several key problems related to the Federal Express. These issues include environment issues, competitive issues, technology issues and association issues. For the environment issues, firstly, the air facilities present a serious problem to the industry. Lack of airport facilities, ace-up plans, and landing places will be seriously Jeopardize the guarantee of delivery by Fed and this kind of problem had been affect the operations in South American. Secondly, it is a formidable challenge to acquire government-controlled access to crowded international hubs. These are long term environment problems, and all air-cargo companies will meet this problem not Just Fed. Thirdly, under the global environment, with the development of globalization and economies grow more interdependent, how to satisfy customers new demand is also a big problem. : Just-in- mime system becomes more and more popular and this system relies on having the right part at the right place at the right time and it also means large amount of number and fast delivery. So, how to play a reliable role, improve work efficiency, and supply ten name logistical expertise to suppose Jell T art I ramekin wall De a current problem need to be considered. For the competitive issues, how to face to the price wars is the main problem in this factor, especially since UPS entered into the overnight-package market in 1982. This action started a series of price wars and made Feeders average revenue per package declined by 30. Between 1983 and 1988. So, how to face to new competitors, how to make competitive advantage to keep the revenue are very important for Feeders manager to consider. Besides, intra- industry competition and rivalry threaten to the development of the air-cargo industry. For the intra-industry competition, due to overcapacity of the airline companies, t hey also want to reenter the air-cargo market in order to balance their revenue. These new firms increase the competitive in the market and lead current players to consolidate their operations in hope of achieving increased economies of call. Furthermore, continued overcapacity, low switching costs, and high exit barriers will continue to make the air-cargo industry extremely competitive. So, how to reduce overcapacity, keep cost, and decrease exit barriers risk are also important factors for company to survive in this high competitive market. For technology issues, base on the development of the technology, Zamia was quickly made obsolete by fax machines and this made Fed lost $350 million and had to drop its business in this area. So, how to let business to fit the development of technology is also very important. Finally, how to integrate Fed and Tigers business and corporate culture will relate to the whole companys development for the future. Firstly, this kind of huge merger action brought $2 billion debt. It will make shareholders hesitate about whether they can receive their profit in the future. Secondly, capital intensiveness of the heavy-cargo business made the company more vulnerable to economic swings. Base on the economic crises which happened in Asia in 1997 and in the U. S. These years, heavy-cargo business will be easy to be affected and this will affect Fed for a long-term development. Thirdly, Fed still was a newcomer to the heavy-cargo market and will meet many competitors. High pressure from competitors, price wars and other factors will make Fed hard to extend their business in this area. Otherwise, how to integrate corporate culture is also a problem. One of the competitive advantage for Fed is it never employed organized labor. This made Fed having a high performance. However, after merge with Tiger International, Fed had to merge the unionized workforce with its own union-free environment. This union background of Tiger workers will dilute the corporate ultra at Fed. How to keep balance between unionized and non-unionized workforce to keep competitive advantage and high performance will be a big issue to be considered. 3. 2 Feeders Competitive Advantage: According to this case, Federal Express, as one of Americas great success company, keeps several competitive advantages under todays globalization and high competitive environment. It includes: 1. High efficiency and safety delivery service Fed offers a I-hour on-call pickup service, customers Just need to make a call but do not need to send their packages to pickup center by themselves. This can help to save a lot of time and can been seen as a good customer service. During the delivery, Fed approvals COSMOS dataset International system Ana guarantees It can locate any package in it possession within 30 minutes. This can be seen to keep the safety for customers packages. For the delivery, Fed keeps its promises for nationwide overnight delivery service and always have a high efficiency and safety performance. This type of customer service helps it to ensure continued growth. 2. Global expansion Fed began global expansion in 1984; it established a European headquarters in Brussels, Far East headquarters in Honolulu and its business has been covered over South and North America, Europe, Asia, and other 21 countries. This strategy lets Fed build their brand very early and easy to do its business around the world. 3. Advanced system Fed developed Powerless system to attract customer and, thus, enables it to satisfy the firms needs. This system can track shipments, provides pricing information, and prints invoice. Such a device helps Fed and its customers to reduce paper work and improve work efficiency. It also helps Fed to attract high- volume customers. . Special corporate culture A labor union will always negotiates with company for workers salary and working time. However, Fed does not need to worry about these pressures from union because it never employed organized labor. This makes Fed to have an admirable human resource record and high performance. Furthermore, this builds a great advantage to its major competitor, UPS. 3. 2. 5 Acquisition of Tiger International Acquisition of Tiger International made Fed to stand at the forefront of the international cargo market. This successful action brought several advantages to the many. Firstly, it had landing rights in 21 additional countries. This gave Fed more opportunities to extend its national business. Secondly, this action not only let Fed became owner of the worlds largest full-service, all-cargo airline, but also let it had nearly three times the size of its nearest competitor. Thirdly, base on Tiger International has more than 40 years of air-cargo experience; this merge gave Fed a strong entry position into heavy cargo business and has enough experience for future development. Furthermore, Tigers addition created a best opportunity for Fed to cooperate with international manufactures. Their new heavy shipments capability can satisfy the requirement of JET system. So we can see this merge brought an unprecedented advantage and opportunity for Fed. 4. 0 Address the questions 4. 1 Describe the growth strategy of Federal Express. How has this strategy differed from those of its competitors? Growth strategy can be seen as a strategy to manage companys human resource, technology and financial capital in order to let its assets to achieve value-added in the future. Knolled, 1991) For Fed, there are two ways to candle tens aim, TLS Is to Increase ten inclemency AT ten assets (provoke more Ana better services), second is to increase the impact and capability of company. For the first way, Fed began its global expansion in 1984. In order to perfect its delivery service, it purchased other companies and setup branch company around the world. He also lobby the Governm ent to have privileges for some airlines, in this way, they can keep competitive advantages to its competitors. Furthermore, Fed also built COSMOS data base and Powerless to improve its customer service and attract more customers. For the second way, through purchasing Tiger International, Fed can resolve the problems on its decreasing international business and international bottlenecks. This merge not only brings Fed into the business of delivering heavy cargo but also creates a good opportunity for it to cooperate with international manufacture. So we can see, the growth strategy of Fed is very clear, In order to expend its international business, increase revenue, Fed provides more delivery lines, better customer service and through merge action to increase its impact and capability around the world. 2. What risks are involved in the acquisition of Tiger International? There are several risks that involved in this merge. Firstly, it made more than doubled Feeders long- term debt, to approximately $2 billion. In 1988, it had revenues of $3. 9 billion and a net income of $188 million. A $2 billion debt brought a big pressure to Fed. Secondly, Fed was a newcomer to the heavy cargo market and did not have enough experience. Much of the cargo was not sent overnight, which represented a significant departure from Feeders traditional market niche. Otherwise, the pressure from its competitors could not be ignored. Finally, the involvement of labor union would be a risk for Fed to keep its high performance and corporate culture. 3. What problems could be anticipated in accomplishing this acquisition? There are several problems could be anticipated in this merge. Firstly, as we know, the management of airline for many governments in Asia is very strict. How to let Feeders business enter Asian market is a problem. Secondly, after this merge, how to reduce the pressure from labor union and keep its high performance is still a problem. Thirdly, how to reduce long-term debt and increase its net income should be noninsured. . Suggest a plan of action for potential problems. For the problem of how to enter Asian market, Fed can try to cooperate with some companies which is powerful in Asian market, the company should have the right on the usage of airline in Asia and also do business in logistics area. For example, Sinatra(a big logistics company in China) would be a good selection. For the debt probl em, Fed can try to cooperate with prime Flying Tigers customers; they are also the major competitors now, to reduce high competitive pressure in this market. Fed is a new comer and does not have enough market shares to cover its long-term debt, reduce numbers of competitors and pressure, increase market share and revenue are the most important things for the manager to consider. Furthermore, shifting away from document service and focus on the higher-margin box business will be a good sconce. Hymnal, Tort ten employee problem, Fed promises to Tina position Tort all employees, so how to integrate union and non-union workforce is the biggest problem. Manager can build a plan for human resource management such as range some training programs in order to improve employees working skill. It can give them confidence and also can help to improve work efficiency. Otherwise, encourage from manager also can reduce the gap between employee and employer. In this way, it can help to reduce the pressure from labor union and still can keep a high performance on their work. 5. 0 Conclusion: In conclusion, if Federal Express wants to keep its leader position in global market, how to improve customer service to attract more customers, reduce pressures from its competitors and labor unions, and how to resolve a series of problems which effect it merger action are all very important and need to be considered by the manager. By following the proper strategies, the company can once again minimize job losses, maintain a skilled and cheap workforce but most importantly, receive a profit in the first quarter of operations leading to a successful acquisition. Word count: 2366 6. 0 References: Optimizations, J. , Optimizations, M. (2008). Service Management. 6th deed. New York: McGraw-Hill. 358-360, 339-354. J. Knolled. Growth and Strategy. Services PLUS. Bougainvillea, Quebec, Canada: G. Moron publisher Ltd. , 1991, Chap. 8. Up 119-36

Informative Essay Sample on World Trade Organization

Informative Essay Sample on World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization is founded on the principle of comparative advantage, well recognized by the Modern economists, that different countries enjoy absolute advantage in the production of different goods, since they are differently gifted by the nature: it may be expensive to produce certain goods and cheaper to import. A country may have greater comparative advantage in the production of certain goods over the others. This classical theory of economics took its practical shape in the manifesto of W.T.O which transcends all barriers imposed by the nations and emphasizes the functioning of free trade amongst the nations. Then why the feeling of unease and protests against the W.T.O which are not based on unfounded fears, but some facts of the underdeveloped nations manifest the circumstances apparent in the economic scene of their lives. The disagreements do not arise by the global trade but by the resultant affects of the globalization and the very rule of the body governing the W.T.O. if we understand the arguments of the both sides we can solve maladies believed to be caused by the W.T.O. W.T.O is very powerful; it can compel sovereign states to change their laws if it feels that laws are hindrance with the agreements made. It is by the rich for the rich. It does not give the proper weight to the problems of the developing world, in practice, if not in theory. It is indifferent to the negative fallout of free trade; its commercial interests take over every thing from child labor to workers rights, and environment to health. It lacks democratic accountability. Its trade disputes hearings are closed to public and the media, while free trade concept presupposes open debates and transparency. The W.T.O has clauses to protect the environment, but they do not contain minimum standard to protect the environment, labor rights, social programs and cultural diversity. what makes it so powerful is that it can intervene in the everyday administration, of any member country and force it to change its laws if the W.T.O feels that they are detrimental to free trade because the membe r countries have given both legislative and judiciary authority to W.T.O to challenge laws, policies and programs of countries which do not conform to its rules. The member countries are required to bring its laws in conformity with W.T.O’s laws. Some of the realistic concerns of the developing nations on crucial issues on subsidies granted by the USA and European Union on their agricultural farming are still unresolved. The developed countries comprehensive intensive negotiations carried out so far could not bear any result, which indicated that USA and Europe are unwilling to accept their stand or they have political compulsions barring them to reach any conclusion. Conversely the demand of poor countries to accept their mounting labor force as one of the products of export by the developed nations is also not heeded by the rich countries which transpires the view point to cause serious setback to weak economies, giving rise to an impression that every thing was falling in the laps of prosperous countries. So far as protection to local industries is concerned W.T.O has provided safeguards to grow , in case of surge of imports. The agreement on safeguards authorizes importing member countries to restrict imports for temporary period, if after investigations carried out by the competent authorities it is established that: Imports are taking in such increased quantities as to cause serious injury to domestic industry that produces like or directly competitive products and, The increased imports should be the result of unforeseen developments. It provides the impositions of quantitative restrictions on such imports and increase on import tariffs. The advent of China amongst the developing nations seems to baffle entire economic scenario, which caused to rethink the philosophy of comparative advantage for both developing and developed economies. The inflow of cheap products in the world markets has eroded the zeal of West and USA to finalize the outstanding issues, while the indigenous cottage and textile industries of the poor countries have almost been collapsed. What we believe that W.T.O must be a forum of ironing out economic inequalities and a source of fostering peace and harmony amongst the nations of the world. If you need a custom essay, research paper, dissertation, thesis, term paper on Economics, Business or other discipline feel free to contact our professional custom writing service.

Gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Gender - Essay Example From this paper, it is clear that interpretations are irrefutable since improving men and women’s status has been a pledge by the lawmakers and supported by governments as a beginning of tasks on gender. It is evident that women have suffered considerable biases since gender issues are concerned, through policies, media, literature, folk songs, and customs. However, religious teachings and mythology have played an essential role in promoting gender awareness and equity. Favoritism, double standards, and attitudes in the society are the regular reminders of inequalities experienced in the modern world (Marshall, 2000).Gender as social phenomena aroused by the differences in our biological makeup has taken by storm the public domain on major issues politicized (Hobson,2002). Nevertheless, citizens of upright religious practices consider gender as not being critical since they cherish their differences. Contrary to my opinion, gender issue has become a concern, since my childhood girls were treated more respectively compared to boys Gender has been taken lightly to some extent whereas in other cases exaggerated. Documentation of male and female in records such as the birth certificates should not be a cause for any alarm for the sake of peace. Our dressing and genetic makeup always been a problem in that ladies have always been perceived as putting on attire that is meant for men, thus a form of disrespect.To some societies like ancient Greece and Rome, cross-dressing was rampant as the norm. There is a slight difference on perceiving gender through expressing ourselves. Despite our biological differences as human beings, we have similarities that profits all (Marshall, 2000). Normally our bodies’ change as we grow towards maturity is when the difference is noticed clearly. Civilization has brought with it complications in the freedom of choice whereby people are altering their gender (Fenster & Lees, 2002). This practice has received mixed reactions from both parties involved.

SIM #4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SIM #4 - Essay Example Unfortunately, the destiny of the unproductive branches is fire. Thus, I will consider myself unproductive if I fail to convey the message about God to those who do not know Him. As a result of this, I will also be in a position to incur the punishment that will be imposed on me by God by proving unproductive. A church has also a role to play in enhancing the growth of productive souls. It does this by informing its audience on what they are obliged to do by God. A church also provides its audience with spiritual words as well motivational words as portrayed in the Bible in order to develop their faith. A church that enhances spiritual development and observance of God’s will correlates to the fruitful vine. However, some churches portray different pictures to the society. For instance, the dressing code, songs sung, and the mode of dancing in some churches show how believers have gone astray. Other churches are known also of using their services to generate money. In connection to the passage, churches that contribute to ungodliness among believers correlate to unfruitful vines and need to be

Personality traits Essay Example for Free

Personality traits Essay Personality traits, cultural background, religion, geography and other demographic features are distinguishing factors among human beings. As we grow old all these variables shape our personalities, likes and dislikes, goals, ambitions and our life styles at large. Goals and ambitions that we set for ourselves in life are determined largely by factors such as our peers, early childhood experiences, upbringing, people we look up to as role models, and other life experiences. Hence it makes all the more sense for individuals to pursue their aspirations in life from which they derive satisfaction and contentment. However there are times when due to various external factors an individual is compelled to compromise and sacrifice his or her personal goals and interests. In a country like Pakistan which is faced with several economic setbacks, professions such as engineering, banking, etc are looked at with respect and considered to be appropriate as they ensure a secure source of income. However art, which unlike in western societies, has a stigma associated with it and is not encouraged to be pursued as a career. Therefore many fine young artists quit their work in the early stage and enter into other professions in order to earn a fixed stream of income to survive and support the family. Moreover there are students with interest in the field of astronomy and astrophysics who look forward to pursue a career in the respective fields. However the lack of good institutions offering degrees in such fields and nonexistent scope for such professionals in the local scenario only compounds difficulties for them. Hence these individuals are left with little option but to pursue a career in a separate field which will at least ensure them a decent living once they graduate. There are also times when children are pressurized by their parents to pursue the family profession and take over the responsibility. As young adults they are expected to honor the traditions of the family. Thus they eventually concede to such immense pressures and join the family business or profession. There are times when as a part of a group an individual might be required to perform and carry out activities which he or she doesn’t enjoy doing. However considering the overall benefit of the group every individual is expected and required to conform in order to achieve the goals for the group. Having discussed some of the situations where an individual might have to do things which he or she would not, if left to one’s discretion, it is very important to stress the fact that real motivation and drive for most of the people comes from doing things which inspires them. People work hard towards the attainment of certain goals because they value them and it will give them a sense of satisfaction. Moreover to be able to grow and progress in life people seek new challenges and get themselves involved in tasks which they enjoy doing. Nevertheless sometimes a compromise is the only resort left to people to avoid conflict and they are compelled to do things which they normally don’t enjoy doing. Works Cited Fowler, James Manktelow and Kellie. Personal Goal Setting. 30 December 2008 http://www. quintcareers. com/personal_goal_setting. html. Keirsey, Dr. David M. Personality Traits Personal Growth Understand Your Temperament to Accomplish Life Goals. 30 December 2008 http://www. articlesnatch. com/Article/Personality-TraitsPersonal-GrowthUnderstand-Your-Temperament-to-Accomplish-Life-Goals/397215. Pakistan Teaching Profession. 30 December 2008 http://education. stateuniversity. com/pages/1149/Pakistan-TEACHING-PROFESSION. html.

Hamlet 10 :: essays research papers

The Real Tragedy Of Hamlet In the play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the death or murder of a character becomes very freuquent. Although many people die. It is a result of their own wrong-doing. You could almost say they deserved what they got. But there were deaths of people, that were due to the manipulation from the royalty. A good example can be found in the family of Polonius’. The real tragedy of Hamlet is not that of Hamlet or his family but of Polonius’ family because their deaths were not caused by their own, sinful actions, but rather by their small instigation of Claudius and Hamlet’s battle. The first character to die in the play is Polonius. Eventhough Polonius often acted in a deceitful manner when dealing with Hamlet, it is only because he was carrying out plans devised, and ordered by the King and/or Queen, in order to discover the nature of Hamlet’s madness. Being the King’s right hand, it was his duty to obey the King and Queen’s wishes, and it was indeed his loyalty that eventually proved to be fatal for him. An example of how Polonius’ innocent involvement with the royal family resulting to his death can be found at the beginning of Act III, scene iv, when Hamlet stabs him while he is hiding behind the Curtained Wall in Gertrude’s chamber. This is a great example of how Polonius, a man unknowing of the true nature of the situation that he was in, is killed by a member of the royalty during the execution of one (Hamlet) of their schemes. This makes Polonius’ death a tragedy. But he was asking for it, come on. The next member of the Polonius clan to die is his daughter Ophelia. Ophelia’s death is also tragic, because of her complete innocence in the situation. You can argue that Polonius deserved his fate because of his handling with Hamlet while he was mad. But Ophelia was entirely manipulated, and used by Hamlet and the king for their own selfish reasons, and games. An example of how Ophelia is used by Hamlet is seen in Act II, scene i, when Hamlet uses her to convince his family that he is truely mad. Ophelia explains to her father, how Hamlet has scared her, causing Polonius to draw the conclusion that Hamlet has an "antic disposition"(He is quickly losing his mind).

How Far Did the Position of Black Americans Improve in the Years 1945-1955?

The US military involvement in WW2 was to have a lasting effect on civil rights and racist attitudes. The conflict brought on many changes that would highlight African American civil rights, for example it created many jobs for black people, not only in the defence industry but also to meet growing labour demand. Although between 1945-1955 there was indefinitely progress made for the position of black Americans, there were also limitations to that progress. The population of cities in the north such as Detroit grew dramatically as black people migrated during the war. Although there was a lot more availability of employment for African American’s, they would often find they were discriminated against, for instance not receiving equal pay to white workers. Employers would usually use the principle ‘Last to be hired, first to be fired. ’ It was a rarity for African Americans to be promoted as when they it would follow with walk outs and riots from white workers. In order to prevent the march on Washington movement, President Roosevelt agreed to set up the Fair Employment Practices Commission in order to accommodate equal opportunities for black people in defence industry jobs. This also led to increase in labour jobs, there was a 25% increase in African Americans working in the iron and steel industry. The numbers employed in government service increased from 50,000 to 200,000. However it had its limitations, railroads usually refused to hire black people and in the Deep South prejudice remained on employment issues. The NAACP campaigned to challenge the ‘Plessy v. Ferguson’ doctrine. Inequality was easily spotted in education. For example research showed that the pupil-teacher ratio was 20% better in white schools than in back, in addition to this white teachers generally receiveda much larger salary in comparison to a black teacher. The NAACP proceeded to sue on behalf of black students, which eventually resulting in the ‘Brown v. Board of Education’ legal case. Following the Brown case, Earl Warren who was the current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, agreed that not only was segregation in education demoralising for African Americans, but segregation in general too. However this stirred up protest in the south. The White Citizens council formed the ‘Southern Manifesto’ in order to fight the brown case. There was also slow progress to the integration of public schools as The Supreme Court had not set a time limit, instead it had stated progression to e done with ‘deliberate speed. ’ There was also no action enforced by President Eisenhower who was reluctant to avoid stirring further opposition. Altogether, there was progress in economic status for African Americans. Due to the creation of trade unions and activist groups, something was finally being done about inequality for Blacks. However this gentle action was often faced with forceful opposition, or simply not enough being done, therefore hindering progress.

Popular Approaches to Educational Planning in Developing Countries Essay

Educational planning is a worldwide practice found in both developing and developed countries. The developing countries and indeed all countries have placed a premium on education because of the persistent belief that formal education holds the key to national development and economic growth. In the light of this, the modern conception of educational planning has attracted specialists from many disciplines with each of them tending to see educational planning differently. In view of this attraction, the traditional approach to educational planning could no longer hold sway. In an attempt to find a most suitable approach to educational planning, different models have been developed by scholars. These include the social demand approach, the manpower approach, the cost-benefit approach and other remerging models. The choice of model to adopt is usually predicated on the peculiarities and other prevailing factors in a country. Generally however, scholars have tried to classify approaches to educational planning based on the level of development of a country. And this probably explains why some are called developing countries and others are developed countries. A thorough understanding of these approaches however requires some background information or knowledge. In doing, this we shall adopt the definition of the concept of educational planning as provided by Coombs (1970), identify key planning questions, trace the history of modern approaches to educational planning, and bring out most important planning issues in developing countries with example and illustrations. Educational Planning Because of the ubiquitous nature of education and educational planning, several scholars have offered different definitions. For example, Coombs (1970) in a UNESCO Publication titled â€Å"What is Educational Planning â€Å". says that: â€Å"Educational Planning, in its broadest generic sense, is the application of rational systematic analysis to the process of educational development with the aim of making education more effective and efficient in responding to the needs and goals of its students and society â€Å". Arising from this concept of educational planning are a succession of interdependent actions namely: i. Clarification of educational objectives  ii. Diagnosis of present conditions and recent trends iii. Identification and assessment of alternatives iv. Translation of plans into action and v. Evaluation and adjustment. This analytical process to educational planning entails preparing and subsequently evaluating a set of decisions or future actions aimed at achieving specific set of goals. Educational planning therefore is a fundamentally technical activity related to decision making process. Its purpose in the context of national educational programme and overall developmental objectives is to assess the implications of alternative sets of policy and thereby help decision makers choose that set which is most appropriate to the specified objectives. Events in the recent years have witnessed an increasing emphasis on the need to design educational policy in relation to overall set of objectives for economic and social development. Thus in addition to being a fundamental end in itself, education is now also viewed as an important means or instrument for increasing a nation’s economic and social welfare. This relationship makes it necessary to consider a variety of factors that previously may ha ve appeared irrelevant. The most important of this is to evaluate whether the size of structure of the educational system is appropriate from the perspective of national development objectives – or conversely to determine the educational capacity that will be required to permit a nation to reach its development targets. The second important characteristic of a new interest in educational planning is that it has focused attention on the structural interdependence and efficiency of the educational system. History of Modern Educational Planning A background history of the modern educational planning will greatly enhance our understanding of the emergence of the different approaches to educational planning in the developed and the developing countries. Prior to the Second World War (1939 – 1945), educational system everywhere was simple, less complex in structure and content, smaller in size and less intricately tied to the total life of nations. The only exception is probably the Soviet Union which in 1923 made an attempt to use educational planning to help realise a ‘new society’ through what is commonly referred to as the First Five Year Plan of the young Soviet Union. Before the war, the typical kind of educational planning had the following features a. It was short range in outlook (i.e. plan period was short, usually a year, rarely spreading beyond) b. It was fragmentary in its coverage of the educational system, the parts of the system were planned independently of one another. c. It was non-integrated in the sense that educational institutions were planned autonomously without explicit ties to the evolving needs and trends of the society and the economy at large; and d. It was non-dynamic kind of plannin g which assumed an essentially static educational model that would retain its main features intact year in and year out. However shortly after the world war (especially from 1945 to 1970), educational system and their environment all over the world were subjected to a barrage of scientific and technological, economical, demographic, political and cultural changes that shook everything in sight. The next twenty five years subsequently took Europe (industrialised nations) through four phases of development namely: i. The reconstruction phase  ii. The manpower shortage phase iii. Rampant expansion phase and iv. The innovation phase. Europe and indeed the entire world including the developing countries emerged from the Second World War with their educational system seriously disrupted and facing a heavy backlog of educational needs. Nations everywhere quickly settled for reconstruction and in the process it soon became evident that the conventional pre-war educational planning would not suffice for these reconstruction tasks. This arose because the recovery process was fast (partly on account of Marshall Plan assistance from the United States) and by the early 1950s these rebuilt economies had fully absorbed the available supply of skilled human resources; hence, manpower bottlenecks began to loom as the major obstacle to further growth. This led western economies to become more power minded and to look at educational planning through new eyes. No longer was education seen merely as a non-productive sector of the economy which absorbed consumption expenditure. It was now viewed as an essential ‘investment expenditure’ for economic growth. But as obviously important as manpower needs were finally conceded to be, they paled before another force that soon began to dominate the educational scene and gives sleepless nights to the political authorities and educational planners throughout Europe and North America. This other force was the explosive increase in popular demand for education which led to the rampant expansion phase. Virtually everywhere, the dominant thrust of strategy was to expand the pre-war educational needs as rapidly as possible – curriculum, methods, examinations and all with a view to accommodating a larger number and proportion of the youth population. These eruptions forced the educational system of industrialised nations into yet a fourth post-war phase called the innovation phase. This phase prompted the formulation and adoption of new planning concepts and tools which are now in use and taking shape. Educational Planning in Developing Countries Much of what was said above applies with even greater force to developing countries shortly after the European experience. There educational needs were even larger and more urgent but their educational systems unfortunately were less relevant and less adequate to their needs. It will be recalled that most of the developing nations of Africa were colonies during this period and were gradually fighting for political independence. During this period, the missionaries that introduced western type of education were not focused on rapid expansion of education. The colonial masters too had other pre-occupation. Formal western education was therefore at low ebb. At the same time, the armies and the soldiers including a few educated nationals of these countries have had exposure to Europe and North America and were therefore fairly acquainted with educational system in Europe and North America. Given this background, and starting from the 1950s, the developing countries responded similarly to their new circumstances with an educational strategy of linear expansion. Support was also received from global organisations like United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), International Institute of Educational Planning in this direction. At a series of UNESCO conferences early in the 1960s education ministers of Asia, Africa and Latin America set ambitious regional targets for educational expansion in their respective regions. These targets were widely adopted by individual nations. They called for 100% percent participation in primary education by the end of the target period and sharply increase participation in secondary and higher education. This expansion strategy manifests the adoption of the social demand approach to educational planning in some of the developing countries. A good example of this is the free education policy adopted by the Western and Eastern regions of Nigeria in the 1950s. Same goes for Nkrumah’s Ghana which introduced education for all policy in 1952. We shall examine this in greater detail later. In the view of Coombs (1970) the case for a manpower approach was particularly strong in developing nations because their overall development was conspicuously handicapped by shortages of all kinds of specialised or skilled manpower. Thus, it made sense to give initial priority to educating the most needed types of manpower for economic growth, for without such growth the desired long run expansion in education and other major social objectives would simply not be possible. Unfortunately, the developing countries were not equipped to do the kind of educational and manpower planning that the situation required and worse still, the rest of the world could not do much for them because the global supply of basic knowledge and experts for this kind of planning was acutely scarce. It is noteworthy however that UNESCO and other agencies played active and supportive role to assist.

Southport Minerals essays

Southport Minerals essays Southport Minerals, Inc. is the largest sulphur producer in the United States. Due to a shortening of supply over the past few years Southport has enjoyed enormous profits and is extremely liquid with a debt/equity ratio of .02. Currently sulphur production accounts for 90% of Southports revenue. The company is searching for non-acquisition diversification opportunities. Southport has been presented with the opportunity to develop a copper mine in Indonesia. Increased uses of copper and rising copper prices have led Southport to consider this opportunity. However, the location of the copper mine, and the political environment in Indonesia are risks that must be considered. The company has acquired the proper financing to proceed with the project. However, they must decide how to discount the cash flows to determine if the project is acceptable. Southport has decided to proceed with the project under a subsidiary (Southport Indonesia). Several reasons support the choice of creating a subsidiary rather than doing business as the current corporation. First, the translation of foreign currency must be considered. If operating under one corporate entity each transaction must be translated. This would lead to a degree of discrepancies, creating confusion. Also, differences in tax and accounting regulations are a consideration. Foreign countries have different accounting systems and tax plans. Therefore, two sets of book would be needed to reconcile foreign and domestic statements. Third a separate entity, creates shelter against political risk. The parent company is protected from political turmoil inside the foreign country. Southport has already had property expropriated in Cuba. The board is very wary of any future foreign risks. Any protection that Southport can guarantee the board will help sell the position. In order to avoid potential distortions caused by foreign currency conversion, Southport should co...

How to Dress as Someone of Another Race for Halloween

How to Dress as Someone of Another Race for Halloween With people of color more prominent in pop culture than ever before, some costume lovers face a dilemma: Is it alright to dress up as someone of a different race for Halloween? The answer to that question depends on the costume you’ve chosen and your presentation of it, not to mention the person you’ve decided to duplicate for the occasion. If you insist on doing it, follow the tips below. Itll lower  the odds that you’ll make a racial gaffe if you dress up as a person of another race for Halloween. Go as a Particular Person Under no circumstances is it alright to dress up as a Mexican, African or an Asian for Halloween. A racial group does not make for an appropriate costume, and any desire to dress up as a generic minority for Halloween is a pretty good indicator that you’ve bought into stereotypes about the group in question. To raise awareness about this issue, Ohio University group Students Teaching About Racism in Society  launched a campaign called Were a culture, not a costume. Instead of dressing up as a generic racial group for Halloween, choose a particular individual to dress up as, preferably one who’s known for suiting up in certain ensembles. Golfer Tiger Woods often wears red polo shirts and black pants while competing. Throw on such an outfit and walk around with a golf club in hand, and many people will pick up on the fact that you’re Mr. Woods for Halloween. Suiting up as an athlete who wears a jersey is one way to be easily identifiable. Most basketball fans know that Steph  Curry  is No. 30. Of course, your costume needn’t be relegated to the sports world. With his trademark sequined glove and red leather jacket, Michael Jackson is an instantly recognizable costume. No Blackface Avoid blackface like the plague when dressing up as a person of a different race for Halloween. Recognize that many African  Americans consider blackface to be as offensive as the N-word. If you’re choosing to go as a minority celebrity who wears attire that’s recognizable to the masses, there’s no need to darken your skin.   The same goes for taping your eyes back to appear Asian. Instead, choose to go as a highly recognizable Asian figure for Halloween, such as buddy team Harold and Kumar in their orange jumpsuits from the â€Å"Guantanamo Bay† film or the Japanese schoolgirl Gogo Yubari,  who handled a meteor hammer in â€Å"Kill Bill.† On Halloween, you should also reconsider throwing on an Afro wig. While natural hair has made a comeback in the black community, most African Americans today don’t sport 1970s style Afros, so unless you’re dressing up as Dolemite or another blaxploitation hero from that era, you should question the need to rock a faux Afro for Halloween. On the other hand, if your costume for Halloween is Bob Marley, you’re a lot less likely to offend people by donning a dreadlock wig, as locks were a staple of his look. But even in this case, its wise to exercise caution. Some people may still view such wigs as a mockery of natural black hairstyles. Wear a Mask You can avoid making many of the racial gaffes that befall Halloween celebrants by merely wearing a mask. A mask will remove any temptation to use blackface, tape back your eyes or make similar racially offensive moves. A variety of manufacturers offer masks of President Barack Obama, Michael Jackson and other famous people of color. Avoid Stereotypical Costumes Some costumes are just asking for trouble. Avoid politically incorrect costumes that fuel racial stereotypes. People of color aren’t likely to appreciate a white person dressing up like Aunt Jemima, a Muslim terrorist or an  illegal alien. Question your motivation for wanting to wear a Halloween costume that’s likely to be regarded as racist. It may seem like a funny idea to you but will feel like a slap in the face to the communities mocked by the costume.

Intrercultural communication - group case study Research Paper

Intrercultural communication - group case study - Research Paper Example The behaviors and communication of people are largely determined by the culture they have learnt or have grown accustomed to and which they derive their world views from. When cultures are facing challenges as the ones being faced by the Chinese and Americans in terms of culture, barriers to communication such as stereotypes, discrimination, ethnocentrism and prejudice are likely to take place and these may cause conflict (Martin & Nakayama 55). In this case therefore, Americans with their outspoken nature are likely to regard the Chinese as weak because they tend to lean towards humility side and this stereotype may lead to discrimination and especially in regards to leadership positions (Crossan 3). The Americans using this stereotype and because they regard their culture as being the superior one to all the other cultures, take over the power and tend to want to make all the decisions which in turn affect communication patterns in the organization. If this is taking place in China where the majority of the American businesses have moved to, then the Chinese are likely to retaliate negatively and this in turn only affects the business and its objectives of seeking profits. Humility and outspokenness are all about language, its components, the perception it creates, the attitudes it leads to when it comes to communication as well as its variation in communication styles (Martin & Nakayama 140). The Americans apply their outspokenness when making business deals. They use humor more often than the Chinese do and also tend to use slang and other informal language especially in internal communication. This normally tends to create an attitude and perception of openness and employees being much more relaxed in the workplace. When the employees are however used to humility with all its quietness and formalities, they may find the openness disturbing and this may even affect their work performance. They believe in

Small scale soda bottle rocket launcher capable of shooting a two Research Paper

Small scale soda bottle rocket launcher capable of shooting a two liter soda bottle repetitively and at different angles - Research Paper Example Movable joints are utilized to rotate the launcher at different angles. A thin coat of cement is applied to prevent any leak. It helps to understand the laws of physics that are related to the motion of the rocket. Introduction Newton’s Laws of motion play an important role in our life. Laws of motion depict a scientific explanation for the different type of works we do in our daily routine with respect to locomotion and actions related to motion. In vehicular motion, laws of motion play an important role in determining the distance, time and velocity of the moving object. On the other hand, the motion of rocket and similar types of propulsion engines, laws of motion are also utilized to depict the relation between the force, acceleration and mass of the object and the force to carry and move the mass. Rockets works by utilizing second and third law of motion, where the ignited fuel acts as the force to continue the motion of the rocket. ... The small Soda bottle rocket launcher is much effective in understanding the procedure and the process which makes a rocket accelerate at such high speed. Research and Literature Review Soda bottle rockets make utilization of used soda bottle, which are capable to high pressure due to the strength of the plastic is uniquely selected to bear the immense pressure of soda inside the bottle. Such types of bottle can be used for a normal pressure application. Soda bottles are considered best for the soda bottle rockets due to the capacity and incredible design and light weight of the bottle. In colleges and homes many people build the launching pads for launching the water soda bottle rockets to clear the concepts of real rockets and in homes, it is considered as the fun to launch the empty soda bottle water rocket. Most soda bottles are soft drink bottles, which hold cola or other soda based flavors (Kagan, Louis & Lynda, 150). Soda water rockets can reach as much as 100 meters on the ve rtical axis and more than 100 meters on the horizontal axis provided that the projectile is carefully selected to be 45 degrees (Gurstelle, 34-45). The soda bottles are partly filled with water and then the water is pressurized by pumping air into the bottle by utilizing a hand pump or an electric or mechanical compressor. Any other fluid can also be utilized instead of water, but water presents the best qualities as compared to all other fluids. The most significant feature is the least cost and massive availability of water (Kagan, Louis & Lynda, 150). Water rockets mostly rely on the pressurized air. The more the amount of pressurized air,

Joy luck club Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Joy luck club - Essay Example The inception of the prologue in the film and the presentation of the film along with its large scaled and detailed camerawork have made the film appear like a river dancing to the tune of wind or fall of words from poetic imagination. This essay intends to focus on the thematic aspect of the film, along with its myriad technical dimensions which provided it a strong and unique perception altogether. THE JOY LUCK CLUB: THE TRAJECTORY Life has different twists and turns, crest and fall and people amid all the complexities and hustle and bustle of life forget to retaliate upon the lost moments of profanity. The film Joy Luck Club captures and upholds different subtle and intimate moments between families and life where subtle and intricate human relations and values operating upon the matrix of myriad social and economic aspects find its profound expression. The film depicts a development of a club formed by four women; it can be seen as a strong discourse of women empowerment depicted within the societal change and structure of contemporary America. The club had a different objective, the members of the club indulged themselves in playing, ‘mahjong’ and over the span of years they have involved themselves in telling and sharing the stories of their lives with each other. Their life trajectory speaks particularly about a societal transition in America. And, various dimensions of Chinese immigrants to America surface out with full force into the plot of the film. The women discuss their passage to America from China, their pursuit and dream, their desire and disappointment. The way they remarried in America for a better life and gave birth to their children on this land itself are very much contextual. Another theme of the film is the space or vacuum that evolves due to generation gap and a space which forms due to the transition of culture and inter-cultural exchanges against the cosmopolitan backdrop. One can find highly ambitious mothers setting hi gh hopes and keeping high faiths upon their daughters who are about to replace them. The daughters face a lot of troubles treading down the paths of success full of anxieties and a stark feeling of inappropriateness that haunts them. Moreover, through the course of understanding and empathizing with each other, the mothers and daughters at the Joy Luck Club are able to bridge their differences (Johnston, â€Å"FILM / The tears of living dangerously: Wayne Wang called Oliver Stone's films evil; Stone called Wang's boring. The novelist Amy Tan brought them together. By Sheila Johnston†). The film is initiated with a short prologue by June; a narrative which is very poetic in appeal and followed by June’s farewell party at San Francisco and her plunge to reunite with her long forgotten twin sisters at China indicate a sense of unification with one’s forgotten root that build the essence of the theme operating within the film. There are also guests at Joy Luck Club, mainly constituted by the mothers, their daughters and the friends and relatives. Each of the members narrate their story of conflict, dream and struggle in the alien land of the United States of America which builds a strong discourse upon the nature of immigration and life of the immigrants in America. The most fascinating technical aspect of the film ‘The Joy Luck Club’ is its cinematography and tight-lipped editing apart from

Family Practices Essay Example for Free

Family Practices Essay Parents have the big responsibility of rearing their children in the best way they can. They have a lot of investment towards their children to bring them up in the most righteous way. Parents impart knowledge, values and even some of their known practices which they grew up with. There are so many common practices imparted to us by our parents. These practices revolve maybe on simple things such as eating together during dinner and saying a prayer before we sleep. Our family believes in the power of herbal medicine that would be able to heal our illnesses. Herbal medicines are kind of medicines that come from plants (Bupa’s Health Information Team, 2007). An herb is a plant that is commonly used because of its flavor, scent and medicinal properties. Many of these herbs are processed and are available in the market is various forms such as tablets, capsules, teas, etc. but there are still some herbal medicine that may cause threat is people’s health. Some may cause health problems and some may not interact well with other drugs (â€Å"Herbal Medicine†, 2009). The Western hemisphere has long abandoned the used of the herbal medicines due to the advancement of technology and healthcare that is able to provide a single medicine that will cure illnesses. Many people, professional and lay individuals, do not know that plants may be able to provide useful health benefits. The benefits of the plants are in the form of alternative and complementary medicines and many people consider it as irrelevant part of folk times (Ernst, 2000). This nontraditional health practice has been passed on my family through generations. Not only able to preserve our family solidarity but our health as well. References Bupa’s Health Information Team. (2007, August). Herbal Medicine. Bupa. Retrieved January 20, 2009 from http://hcd2.bupa.co.uk/fact_sheets/html/herbal_medicine.html. Ernst, E. (2000). Herbal Medicine: A Concise Overview for Professionals. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Herbal Medicine. (2009, January 13). Medline Plus. Retrieved January 20, 2009 from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/herbalmedicine.html.

state nullification Essay -- essays research papers

Impact of a State’s Right to Nullification   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Impact of a State’s Right to Nullification   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The impact of a state’s right to nullification can ultimately cause a great deal of damage to the country that it resides in. To describe the impacts one would need to take a look back into history when the Nullification Crisis took place. South Carolina had economic hard times after the war of 1812. Cotton prices started to drop and South Carolina was in a state of depression. Southerners however tend to blame their economic woes on the policies of the national government. (Goode 87). The Tariff of Abominations was a series of high taxes that was placed on incoming foreign goods. The South disagreed with this proposal because they thought that the federal government was trying to tax one part of the country to benefit the wealth of another which is the North. Thomas Cooper, the president of the South Carolina College said â€Å"Is it worth while to continue in this union of states, where the north demands to be our masters and we are required to be their tributaries.†(Goode 89) John C. Calhoun being Vice President and was from South Carolina strongly disagreed with this Tariff of Abominations. He even wrote â€Å"South Carolina Exposition† which used the constitution as an argument against the tariff. Then, there was the Haynes and Webster Debate. They both defended and attacked on the Nullification topic in congress. In 1832 Congress released another tariff that replaced the Tariff of Abominations, but the South Carolinians weren’t still happy. The climax of this nullification swirl happened at Jackson’s birthday dinner where everyone gathered to give speeches. Andrew told everybody in that room what he thought of State Nullification with one simple line: â€Å"Our Union, It must be preserved† (Goode 88). The Congress continued with passing a Force Bill that would allow President Jackson to use force to regulate the tariff laws. To clean this mess up and to avoid civil war, both sides decided to co mpromise due to a plan drawn up by Henry Clay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hard times in South Carolina   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  South Carolina was a state that was hit hard by the ... ...t got turned into a civil war because one state did not agree with the government. If it wasn’t for Clay to draw up the bill, South Carolina would have seceded from the Union and Civil World would have come earlier. All these events will eventually lead to bloodshed and that’s the last thing we want. Work Cited Bassett, Joseph M. â€Å"Encyclopedia of American Government† Pasadena, California 1975: 671 Benton, William â€Å"The Annuls of America† New York 1968: 232 Goode, Stephen â€Å"The New Federalism† New York 1983: 87 - 92 MacDonald, William â€Å"The American Nation a History, the Jacksonian Democracy† New York 1909: 67 – 88 National Urban League – Quasi Judicial Agencies â€Å"Dictionary of American History† New York 1976: 125 Shaw, Ronald E. Bremer, Howard F. â€Å"Andrew Jackson 1767 – 1845 â€Å" Dobbs Ferry, New York 1969: 59 Schlesinger, Arthur M. â€Å"The Age of Jackson† Boston 1945: 15 Schlesinger, Arthur M. â€Å"The Age of Jackson† New York 1945: 34, 403, 95-96 Stamp, Kenneth M. â€Å"The Causes of the Civil War† New York 1959: 68 http://web9.epnet.com/DeliveryPrintSave.asp?tb=1&_ug==5970ADF3-526D-4D75-ADE http://www.fofweb.com/History/HisRefMain.asp?SID=3&DataType=AmericanHistory&R

Inquiry-Based Essay Reflection Essay

Before walking in this course, I had it stuck in my head that intervening in a research paper was bad. I learned that it was ok to insert myself into the essay. I could intervene and put a couple of my own perspectives into the essay. In high school, it was prohibited to use your own perspectives and words into the essay. The only major thing I had to consider is having the content and my perspective balanced so that my paper could sound credible. Of course, there were advantages and disadvantages to writing inquiry-based research essays. I noticed several advantages when I was working on my inquiry-based research essay. First, I was given the opportunity to pick a topic. Though this made me think a lot, gathering hand-selected topics and choosing one to write about was beneficial. It made me rethink about what interested me and what bored me. For instance, in essay 3, I originally started with a topic about black holes in space. Initially, it seemed like an interesting thing to talk about. However, as I kept researching this paper, there were large amounts of physics formulas and concepts being mentioned and repeated. It kept scaring me and making me doubt writing about it. I was going nowhere with the essay. After much consideration, I disposed of the subject and started a new one. The new one was about music and its stimulation, thus giving the reader and I a common ground. Second, the grading after turning in would be fair. If everyone had to write about one topic, the grading would be based upon who wrote the better. But, with the option of choosing a topic, the grading would be more upon individuality and the concept’s presentation, making it fair for everyone. Like advantages, there are also disadvantages that I noticed when doing this type of work. First, when starting essay 3, I was uncertain about using â€Å"I†. In high school, I was taught to not use â€Å"I† at all in a paper. It was a struggle for me to use â€Å"I† because I did not know what to say. I felt as if the quotes would make my own opinions matter at all.

The Great Gatsby Chapter 1-5 Summaries

In Chapter 1, the narrator introduces himself as Nick Carraway and talks about himself and his father. He describes himself as tolerant but fails to realizes his views are very biased and speaks with pity to those who â€Å"haven't had the advantages that you've had,† as his father says. Nick comes from a well-known Mid-Western family, and graduated from Yale (as his ancestors have) in 1915. After fighting in World War I, he comes home restless and decides to learn the bond business. His father finances Nick for a year and Nick lives in a house on West Egg. He talks about West and East Egg.West Egg is the less fashionable of the two, and consists of new money. He lives between Gatsby's mansion and another millionaire. East Egg consists of old money people, and that is where his cousin, Daisy, and her husband, Tom Buchanan, live. Tom was one of Nick's classmates at Yale who played football professionally and came from a wealthy family. The Buchanans invite Nick over for dinner, and Nick meets Daisy's friend, Jordan Baker. She is a professional golfer and seems to be bored of being wealthy. At dinner, Tom talks about the book, â€Å"The Rise of the Colored Empires†, and readers learn that Tom is pro-white dominance.Dinner is interrupted by a phone call for Tom, and Jordan tells Nick that it's a phone call from Tom's lover in New York. Daisy and Nick catch up in private out on the veranda. After dinner, everyone chats in a crimson room and when Jordan heads to sleep, Daisy jokes that Jordan and Nick should marry each other. Soon, Nick heads home and sees Gatsby on his dock reaching out his hand across the Sound. Chapter 2 begins with a description of the valley of ashes which is located between West Egg and New York. The area is a barren wasteland and a large billboard with Doctor T. J. Eckleburg's eyes decay in the valley.Tom takes Nick to the valley of ashes so he can meet Tom's mistress. They arrive at George Wilson's garage on the edge of the val ley of ashes and meet with him and his wife, Myrtle. Tom then forces Myrtle (his mistress) and Nick to his flat in New York and throws an improper small party with Myrtle's sister, Catherine, and a couple named McKee. The group then gossips about Jay Gatsby and Catherine claims that he is somehow related to Kaiser Wilhelm, the despised ruler of Germany during World War I. As the group gets more drunk, Myrtle begins to act harsh and almost teenage-like.Catherine states that the only reason Tom hasn't left Daisy is because Daisy is Catholic, and Catholics don't believe in divorce. Nick is surprised by such an accusation because he knows that Daisy is not Catholic. Myrtle then talks about how she never loved her husband, and she made the biggest mistake marrying him. Later, Tom gives Myrtle a puppy as a gift, and the drinking goes on. Sometime after, Myrtle starts chanting Daisy's name, and Tom punches her in the face, breaking her nose. Chapter 3 begins with Nick's description of Gats by's Saturday night parties.These parties are extremely lavish, and earned the reputation of being one of the best parties in New York. Guests gather to admire Gatsby's Rolls Royce and enormous swimming pool, eat delicious food, enjoy the live band, and drink unlimited amounts of alcohol that Gatsby supplies everyone with. Eventually, Gatsby's chauffeur brings an invitation to Nick's door and Nick heads over the next day. When he arrives, the mansion is already packed with anyone and everyone. Many attendees were not invited, even more have not met Gatsby face to face.The crowd is mixed, with people from West Egg and East Egg, and people from New York and some that weren't high up on the social ladder. Nick then runs into Jordan Baker, and they hear rumors among the crowd about Gatsby. Nick and Jordan roam around to try to find Gatsby, and at first end up in Gatsby's library. In his library, they meet a man they call Owl Eyes, who is fascinated by the fact that all the books in the library are real. Afterward, they head out to the garden and begin talking to a man that is young and handsome. He tells them that he served in the same division as Nick in the war.He then introduces himself as Gatsby. Gatsby leaves to take a phone call, but tells one of his servants to seek out Jordan Baker to tell her he needs to speak with her in private. A few hours later, Jordan comes out of the library and tells Nick the conversation was â€Å"simply amazing. † Before Nick leaves, Gatsby invites him to go hydroplaning the next morning and Nick agrees to go. As Nick leaves the mansion, fifty feet from the door, he sees that a car has landed in a ditch. He sees Owl Eyes there and the whole situation is very bizarre. Nick then breaks off to talk about his overall summer of 1922.He states that he did not only attend parties all summer long, but also worked in New York. He met again with Jordan in midsummer, and realized that she had cheated in a golf tournament. Although he knows that Jordan lies constantly, he is still somehow attracted to her. In Chapter 4, Nick returns to one of Gatsby's Sunday morning parties, and he hears a couple of young ladies gossip about Gatsby. They say he is a bootlegger and killed a man because he found out. On another morning, Gatsby invites Nick to lunch in the city. Gatsby then asks Nick what he thinks of him.Nick is very evasive in the way he responds. Gatsby then tells Nick about his past, claiming to be from a MidWestern family and says he is from the city of San Francisco. He then goes on to say that he studied at Oxford and lived in all of the capitals of Europe. And that he enlisted in the war effort, where he was quickly promoted to major and celebrated by every Allied government. Gatsby even pulls out a picture of himself at Oxford and also a medal with his name on it from Montenegro. Gatsby drives very fast through the valley of ashes and is pulled over by a policeman for speeding.Gatsby shows the policeman a white card and the policeman apologizes and doesn't give him a ticket. At lunch, Gatsby introduces Carraway to Meyer Wolfsheim, who is a Jewish man that is an infamous gambler and who claims to have fixed the 1919 World Series. Wolfsheim proudly shows Nick his arm cuff that is made of human molars. Nick soon believes that Gatsby is involved in dark business. After Wolfsheim leaves the restaurant, Nick spots Tom at a table and introduces Gatsby to him. Gatsby is visibly uncomfortable around Tom and leaves suddenly without an explanation.The next time Nick meets with Jordan, she tells him that Gatsby is in love with Daisy. She says that back in 1917, both Daisy and Gatsby volunteered at the Red Cross and Daisy madly fell in love with him. She promised that she would wait for Gatsby to return from war, but while he was away, Tom proposed to her and she accepted. The night before Daisy's wedding, she had realized her huge mistake and drank herself to insanity. Jordan tells Nick that the only reason why Gatsby bought his mansion on West Egg was to be directly across the bay from Daisy.Nick then realizes why Gatsby was on his dock reaching out to the green light across the Sound (because the light is the light on the end of Daisy's dock). Jordan then tells Nick that Gatsby wanted him to arrange a meeting for himself and Daisy at Nick's house. In Chapter 5, the night Nick returns home after talking to Jordan, he sees that Gatsby's mansion is lit from top to bottom. Nick is approached by an eager and nervous Gatsby, and Nick tells him that he has spoken with Jordan. In return for helping him, Gastby offers Nick an under-the-table job that hasn't anything to do with Wolfsheim.Nick is offended by his wish to pay him back for setting up the meeting, and declines the offer. On the day that Gatsby and Daisy are to meet, it begins to rain. When Daisy first arrives, the tension and conversations are very awkward between them. Gatsby is so nervous to be around Daisy that he k nocks over Nick's clock. Nick tells Gatsby to calm down, and leaves them alone for a short while. When Nick returns, he sees that they have just finished hugging and Daisy has joyful tears on her cheeks. They are much more relaxed and comfortable around one another, and they head over to Gatbsy's mansion.Gatsby shows them around, first at some luxurious shirts imported from Europe, and Daisy bursts into tears. Then looking out from a window, Gatsby tells Daisy that he can see the green light at the end of her dock when the night air is clear. After, Gatsby wakes Ewing Klipspringer so he can play â€Å"Ain't We Got Fun† on the piano. While the music floats around in the room, Nick thinks to himself that Daisy will not be able to live up to Gatsby's standards and forget the last five years has ever happened. As Gatsby and Daisy get closer, Nick realizes it is time for him to leave and starts walking home.